Cultural Violence And An Individual Civil Self Essay

War and conflict are undoubtedly constant and reoccurring features which have marred our international political landscape since the beginning of mans consideration of an individual civil self. From our earliest recorded instances of coherent civilisation, mankind has engaged in civil and later transnational interstate conflicts both as a means of resolving disputes as well as advancing the particular interests and material gains of that group of peoples. As a result of these trends, there has evolved a concept of violence within many areas of socio-political scholarship which has traditionally excluded micro level harm and instead focused on the macro issues relating to arm to arm conflict. However, as scholarship pertaining to Peace and Conflict studies has expanded, so too has our understanding of the notion of violence. As Johan Galtung articulates in his 1990 article ‘Cultural Violence’, the concept of ‘Cultural Violence’ encompasses â€Å"those aspe cts of culture, the symbolic sphere of our existence – exemplified by religion and ideology, language and art, empirical science and formal science (logic, mathematics) – that can be used to justify or legitimise direct or structural violence†. In addition to this change in focus within the theoretical framework of violence, over recent decades there has been a seismic shift in the rationale behind gender theory, with second wave feminists vehemently challenging normative gender ‘roles’ that served as a rouse for inherentShow MoreRelatedThe Northern Territory National Emergency Response Act 20071626 Words   |  7 Pages(Hunter, 2008). However, the key effect was to remove any possibility of complaints being made to the Human Rights Commission or Federal Court for any racially discriminatory act authorised by the Intervention legislation (Pounder, 2008). 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